Italian Greyhound: A Storied Companion of Nobility and Grace
From royal courts to modern homes, this refined companion blends elegance with agile charm.
Italian Greyhound History: From Ancient Grace to Modern Companion
The Italian Greyhound, affectionately known as the “IG” or “Iggy,” is a breed steeped in history and characterized by its elegant silhouette, impressive speed, and amiable companionship. Over two millennia, the Italian Greyhound has transitioned from a noble hunter and royal lapdog to a beloved family pet and performance competitor, all while maintaining its distinctive charm and resilience. This article traces the evolution of the breed from the ancient Mediterranean to its present-day status in households worldwide.
The Origins of the Italian Greyhound
Although the precise beginnings of the Italian Greyhound are shrouded in mystery, it is widely believed that the breed originated in the Middle East, specifically in regions now part of Greece and Turkey more than 2,000 years ago. Archaeological discoveries, including small greyhound-type skeletons and decorative art depictions, support this ancient heritage .
- Ancient Sighthounds: The IG is the smallest of the Sighthound family, breeds which hunt by sight rather than scent.
- Roman Influence: Romans likely imported sighthounds into their homes, and miniature sighthound remains have been found in the ruins of Pompeii dated to 79 AD .
- Multi-purpose Origins: The breed’s initial roleâwhether for small game hunting or companionshipâis not definitively documented. Most experts indicate it was probably utilized for both purposes .
Over centuries, small sighthound-type dogs became distributed throughout southern Europe via trade and migration, eventually gaining particular prominence in Italy, which gave the breed its modern name.
The Italian Greyhoundâs Noble Associations
By the Renaissance, the Italian Greyhoundâs popularity soared amongst Italyâs aristocracy. The breed’s aesthetic appeal was immortalized in the paintings and sculptures of artists such as Giotto, Carpaccio, Memling, Van der Weyden, David, and Bosch, who captured the IG’s unique blend of grace, proportion, and poise .
- Status Symbol: Ownership of miniature dogs became a marker of wealth and prestige, boosting the IGâs prominence among noblemen in the 16th century.
- Royal Favorites: The breed graced the courts of Europe, with IGs kept by James I of England, Anne of Denmark, Mary Beatrice dâEste of Modena, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, and Queen Victoria .
- Artistic Legacy: Artistic depictions showcase IGs in family portraits and hunting scenes, reflecting their dualistic role as companions and coursers.
This close association with the elite led the IG to become synonymous with sophistication, gentility, and refined living.
Breed Characteristics and Written Descriptions
The Italian Greyhound possesses a distinct silhouette, described as an âS-curve,â where each part fits smoothly and cleanly into another. Throughout its history, the breedâs defining traits have been both functional and aesthetic.
Early Written Accounts
One of the earliest formal descriptions of the breed comes from Italian nobleman Francesco Birago. In his Treatise of Hunting from 1626, Birago detailed the Greyhound of Italy as being around 17 to 19 inches tall and discussed its dual purpose as both a companion and a hunter .
What others are reading
| Breed | Height (inches) | Weight (pounds) | Primary Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Italian Greyhound | 13â15 (current standard) | 7â14 | Companion & Hunter |
| Greyhound (male) | 28â30 | 65â70 | Hunter |
| Greyhound (female) | 27â28 | 60â65 | Hunter |
The breedâs form and function, as evident from historical accounts and art, maintained a combination of beauty, speed, and utility.
Evolution Through the Centuries
Several important milestones shaped the IG’s evolution:
- Victorian Era (1800s): The breed spread to England, where the craze for toy dogs led to breeding ever-smaller IGs. They were adopted primarily as companion pets, with little emphasis on their native hunting abilities .
- Development of the Whippet: In the 1800s, Italian Greyhounds and other dogs contributed to the creation of the Whippet breed .
- Return to Soundness: In the early 1900s, worldwide breeders started prioritizing a physically sound and healthy IG rather than the fragile toy versions popularized in the 1800s .
Coming to America and the 20th Century
The upheavals of World War I and World War II decimated many European dog breeds, including the IG. American breeders played a crucial role in preserving and restoring the Italian Greyhound population by importing and breeding IGs from Europe in the early 1900s .
- Breed Clubs: The British Italian Greyhound Club formed in 1900, setting written standards for the breed.
- Recognition: The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the Italian Greyhound in 1886 . The Italian Greyhound Club of America followed in 1950.
- Resilience: Despite near extinction, IGs survived, owing much to breeders in the United States who helped repopulate the breed in Europe after the wars.
Today, the IG is a proud member of the AKCâs Toy Group, renowned for its versatility in both show rings and performance events.
Italian Greyhound in Modern Times
Modern Italian Greyhounds retain their ancient qualities: athleticism, resilience, and companionship. With a height of 13 to 15 inches and weighing 7 to 14 pounds, today’s IG enjoys a reputation as a loving yet active household member .
- Personality: IGs are known for their affectionate nature, playful disposition, and graceful movement.
- Performance: They compete successfully in conformation shows, lure coursing, agility, and other dog sports.
- Health: Responsible breeding practices have helped restore physical soundness and vitality to the breed.
The breed continues to attract admirers for its elegant appearance, moderate temperament, and historic legacy.
Notable Italian Greyhounds & Their Owners
- James I and Anne of Denmark (royalty of England).
- Mary Beatrice dâEste of Modena, Italian consort of James II.
- Frederick the Great of Prussia.
- Catherine the Great of Russia.
- Queen Victoria of England.
- African King Lobengula traded 200 cattle for a single IG .
These historical associations underscore the IGâs enduring appeal and prominence in elite circles, often regarded as a living piece of art and companionship.
The Italian Greyhoundâs Enduring Appeal
In todayâs homes, the Italian Greyhound maintains its reputation as a multi-purpose dog, capable of fulfilling many roles:
- Loyal Companion: Renowned for their affectionate loyalty, IGs make ideal pets for those seeking a blend of beauty and devotion.
- Performance Dog: Their speed and agility allow IGs to excel in sporting events such as lure coursing and agility trials.
- Show Ring Stars: Elegant movement and balanced proportions make them perennial standouts at conformation shows.
Responsible breeders continue to emphasize balanced structure, sound temperament, and physical health in the modern IG.
Comparison: Italian Greyhound and Whippet
| Trait | Italian Greyhound | Whippet |
|---|---|---|
| Height | 13-15 inches | 18-22 inches |
| Weight | 7-14 pounds | 25-40 pounds |
| Group | Toy Group (AKC) | Hound Group (AKC) |
| Ancestry | Ancient Mediterranean sighthound | Developed in the 1800s (with IG influence) |
| Primary Role | Companion, performance | Companion, hunter |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Q: Is the Italian Greyhound simply a smaller version of the Greyhound?
- A: No. While both breeds are sighthounds and share ancestry, the Italian Greyhound is a distinct breed, historically developed for both companionship and small-game hunting through selective breeding .
- Q: What is the ideal size and temperament of an Italian Greyhound?
- A: The ideal IG stands 13â15 inches tall at the shoulder and weighs 7â14 pounds. IGs are intelligent, affectionate, and graceful, thriving as household companions and performance dogs .
- Q: How did World Wars I and II impact the Italian Greyhound breed?
- A: Both world wars nearly led to the breedâs extinction in Europe. American breeders helped revitalize the IG population by importing and breeding dogs from Europe after both conflicts .
- Q: Can the Italian Greyhound compete in dog sports?
- A: Yes. Despite their delicate appearance, IGs are hardy and agile, excelling in sports such as lure coursing, agility, and conformation events .
- Q: Are Italian Greyhounds good family pets?
- A: IGs are known for their loyalty and affection, making them excellent pets for families and individuals who appreciate an elegant, energetic, and devoted companion.
Conclusion: An Ancient Legacy, a Modern Marvel
The Italian Greyhoundâs storied journey from the palaces and art of Renaissance Italy to contemporary show rings and living rooms reflects a breed uniquely balanced between elegance, speed, and companionship. Whether curled up on a royal lap or racing across an agility course, the IG remains one of historyâs most enduring canine beautiesâcherished for its resilience, versatility, and artistic legacy.
References
- https://italiangreyhound.org/about-the-italian-greyhound/italian-greyhound-breed-history/
- https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/italian-greyhound-history/
- https://showsightmagazine.com/italian-greyhound-history-origin-information/
- https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/italian-greyhound/
- https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/breed-history/page/2/
- https://www.discoveranimals.org/index.php/pets/petanimal/italian-greyhound
- https://akc.tv/breed?id=846
- https://www.ukcdogs.com/italian-greyhound
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