Cephalexin for Dogs: Essential Dosage, Uses & Safety
Ensuring your pet’s infection clears up smoothly with expert antibiotic care.
Cephalexin for Dogs: What Every Dog Owner Should Know
Cephalexin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for dogs, recognized for its effectiveness in treating various bacterial infections. Whether your dog has a skin infection, a urinary tract infection, or another type of bacterial illness, understanding how cephalexin works and how to safely use it is essential for your pet’s recovery and health.
What Is Cephalexin?
Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic available only by prescription. It is used in both human and veterinary medicine to target a range of bacterial infections by disrupting the formation of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately killing the bacteria and stopping infection.
- Brand names for cephalexin include Keflex and Rilexine.
- It is not effective against infections caused by viruses, fungi, parasites, or mites.
- Available forms: capsule, tablet, chewable tablet, flavored oral suspension, and, in some countries, injectable solution.
Cephalexin belongs to the broader class of antibiotics known as cephalosporins. As a wide or “broad-spectrum” antibacterial, it is especially valued for its ability to treat infections caused by a variety of bacteria, including some gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
What Dog Diseases Are Treated With Cephalexin?
Veterinarians prescribe cephalexin to manage and cure several types of bacterial infections in dogs, especially when other drugs might not be effective or cannot be given.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: such as pyoderma and hot spots
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs): including bladder infections
- Bone infections: osteomyelitis
- Respiratory tract infections: including bronchitis and pneumonia
- Ear infections (otitis): bacterial otitis externa or media
- Other: wound infections, mastitis, and certain postoperative infections
| Infection Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Skin & Soft Tissue | Pyoderma, Hot Spots |
| Urinary Tract | Cystitis, Bladder Infections |
| Respiratory | Bronchitis, Pneumonia |
| Bone | Osteomyelitis |
| Ear | Otitis Externa/Media |
| Miscellaneous | Wound, Postoperative |
Some of the typical bacteria cephalexin is effective against include:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Proteus mirabilis
How Does Cephalexin Work?
Cephalexin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, making the bacteria unable to maintain their structure and leading to cell death. This mechanism renders it effective against susceptible bacteria, but not against viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Cephalexin Dosage for Dogs
The dosage and frequency of cephalexin depends on several factors, including the type and severity of infection, your dog’s weight and overall health, and your veterinarian’s clinical judgment.
- General dosage: 10–18 mg per pound (22–40 mg/kg) every 6 to 12 hours
- Typical course length: 7 to 28 days, or longer for chronic or deep infections
Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions precisely. Cephalexin should never be administered without direct veterinary supervision.
| Weight of Dog | Low Dose (mg every 6-12 hrs) | High Dose (mg every 6-12 hrs) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 lbs | 100 mg | 180 mg |
| 25 lbs | 250 mg | 450 mg |
| 50 lbs | 500 mg | 900 mg |
| 75 lbs | 750 mg | 1,350 mg |
- Some conditions may require doses up to 35 mg/kg every 12 hours or extended therapy, especially for chronic infections such as resistant pyoderma.
- Dosing intervals (6 vs. 12 hours) depend on infection severity and type.
- If a dose is missed, contact your veterinarian for instructions and do not double up or stop treatment early without professional advice.
How Is Cephalexin Administered?
- Cephalexin is typically given orally as a capsule, tablet, chewable, or liquid suspension.
- It may be administered with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset, unless otherwise directed.
- Injectable forms are available in some countries or for specific clinical needs.
Tablets and capsules should be swallowed whole unless your vet instructs otherwise. Always ensure your dog has access to fresh water during treatment.
Side Effects of Cephalexin in Dogs
Cephalexin is generally considered well tolerated, but, as with all medications, side effects can occur. Most side effects are mild and temporary, but some may require veterinary attention.
- Common side effects:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea or soft stool
- Loss of appetite
- Panting
- Drooling
- Less common side effects:
- Hyperexcitability
- Skin rashes
- In rare cases, hypersensitivity or allergic reactions
If you notice any of the following, contact your veterinarian promptly:
- Severe vomiting or diarrhea
- Hives, facial swelling, or sudden skin rashes
- Difficulty breathing
- Excessive drooling or signs of pain
Drug Interactions
- Cephalexin may interact with certain other antibiotics (notably penicillins) and blood thinners.
- Always inform your veterinarian about all medications and supplements your dog takes.
Cephalexin Safety and Precautions
- This antibiotic is only available by prescription; never give cephalexin from a human prescription to a dog without veterinary supervision.
- It is important to complete the entire prescribed course, even if your dog appears to have recovered, to prevent relapse or bacterial resistance.
- Cephalexin is not appropriate for dogs with a known allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics, or in some cases, penicillins.
- Use with caution in dogs with kidney disease or a history of severe gastrointestinal issues.
Comparisons: Cephalexin Versus Other Canine Antibiotics
| Antibiotic | Best Uses | Main Side Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Cephalexin | Skin, urinary tract, bone, respiratory, ear | Digestive upset, rare allergic reactions |
| Amoxicillin | Broad; dental, skin, respiratory, urinary | Gastrointestinal upset |
| Clindamycin | Dental, bone, soft tissue, anaerobic | Vomiting, diarrhea |
| Doxycycline | Tick-borne, respiratory | Sensitivity to sunlight, nausea |
| Enrofloxacin | Urinary tract, some resistant bacteria | Cartilage effects in young dogs, GI upset |
Key Points on Responsible Antibiotic Use in Dogs
- Only use antibiotics prescribed specifically for your dog and their current infection.
- Do not stop the course early, even if your dog seems better—this is crucial to avoid antibiotic resistance.
- Never use left-over medication from another dog, cat, or human.
- Dispose of unused antibiotics according to veterinary or local guidelines.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What if my dog misses a dose of cephalexin?
Administer the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed one—do not double up. Always consult your vet if unsure.
Can I get cephalexin for my dog over-the-counter?
No. Cephalexin is a prescription medication in the United States and should only be given under veterinary supervision.
Is cephalexin safe for all dogs?
Most dogs tolerate cephalexin well, but it should be avoided in dogs allergic to cephalosporins—or sometimes penicillins—and used cautiously in dogs with kidney dysfunction, pregnant or lactating females, or those with a history of severe gastrointestinal injury. Discuss your dog’s full medical history with your veterinarian before treatment.
Can cephalexin be used for cats?
Yes, with adjusted dosing. However, cats are more susceptible to certain side effects. Only give cephalexin to cats under the direction of a veterinarian.
What are signs of an allergic reaction to cephalexin?
Allergic reactions can include swelling (especially of the face), hives, itching, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or collapse. If you notice these signs, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.
What should I do if my dog vomits or has diarrhea after starting cephalexin?
Mild stomach upset is common, especially within the first few doses. Always give cephalexin with a meal unless your vet instructs otherwise. If the symptoms are severe, persistent, or your dog appears lethargic, contact your vet.
Summary Tips for Pet Owners
- Cephalexin is a widely used, safe, and effective antibiotic for treating many types of bacterial infections in dogs.
- Follow all veterinary directions regarding dosage, timing, and duration of treatment.
- Monitor your dog for side effects and report any unusual symptoms swiftly.
- Never use medications prescribed for another animal or for people.
When used correctly, cephalexin can be a cornerstone of effective infection management and recovery for dogs. Regular communication with your veterinarian and attentive monitoring are your best safeguards for your dog’s health during antibiotic treatment.
References
- https://www.goodrx.com/pet-health/dog/cephalexin-for-dogs
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6504153/
- https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/cephalexin-for-dogs/
- https://www.petplace.com/article/drug-library/drug-library/library/cephalexin-keflex-rilexine-for-dogs-and-cats
- https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/cephalexin-for-dogs:-safe-dosages-and-uses
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