How to Finish Outdoor Steps with Mortared Brick: A Complete Guide
Get a brick step finish that withstands weather and boosts your home’s curb appeal.
How to Finish Outdoor Steps with Mortared Brick
Brick steps add elegance and enduring value to outdoor spaces. Properly finished, mortared brick steps are weather-resistant, safe, and visually appealing—making them a top choice for homeowners seeking curb appeal, durability, and classic style. This comprehensive guide covers every aspect of finishing steps with mortared brick, including planning, materials, step-by-step installation, finishing touches, and maintenance tips.
Why Choose Mortared Brick for Steps?
- Timeless Aesthetic: Brick complements a variety of architectural styles and landscaping designs.
- Durability: Mortared brick stands up to foot traffic, freeze-thaw cycles, and outdoor elements.
- Low Maintenance: Once installed and cured, brick steps require only occasional cleaning and inspection.
- Enhanced Safety: Properly finished brick steps offer a stable, slip-resistant surface.
Before You Begin: Design and Planning
Successful installation begins with careful planning. Consider these factors before starting:
- Site Selection: Choose a location with firm ground, away from utility lines and areas prone to erosion.
- Step Dimensions: Standard exterior steps are 6–8 inches high (riser) and 10–12 inches deep (tread).
- Local Codes: Check building codes regarding step measurements, handrail requirements, and drainage.
- Brick Style: Select bricks compatible with outdoor use—wider edges, frost resistance, and uniform size help achieve a neat finish.
Tools and Materials Checklist
- Bricks (outdoor-rated)
- Mortar mix (Type M recommended for strength)
- Wood for framework (if needed)
- Rebar (for reinforcing concrete bases)
- Trowel
- Mortar mixer
- Spirit level
- Rubber mallet
- Brick jointer
- Wheelbarrow and shovel
- Brick saw
- String and stakes (for layout)
- Stiff brush
- Protective gear (gloves, safety glasses)
Step-by-Step Process: Installing Mortared Brick Steps
1. Build a Solid Foundation
Every lasting step begins with a robust foundation. Typically, this means pouring a concrete base reinforced with rebar:
- Mark the Area: Use stakes and string to outline your steps’ footprint, ensuring it’s straight and level.
- Construct Wooden Framework: For new steps, build a framework to contain poured concrete.
- Reinforce with Rebar: Lay steel rebar inside the frame for stability.
- Pour and Level Concrete: Fill the framework, spread evenly, smooth with a trowel, and let cure fully (per manufacturer’s instructions).
- Remove the Forms: After curing, remove the wooden forms and inspect for levelness.
2. Prepare the Bricks and Mortar
- Wet the Bricks: Soak bricks in water before laying to prevent them absorbing too much moisture from the mortar.
- Mix Mortar: Use a mortar mixer or shovel to blend batches of Type M mortar to a smooth, peanut butter-like texture. Prepare only as much as you can lay before the mix stiffens.
3. Lay the First Course
The first row of bricks sets the pattern and level for your steps:
- Apply Mortar Base: Spread a 3/8″–1/2″ layer of mortar where the bricks will rest.
- Set Each Brick: Press each brick into the mortar, aligning with your guide string for a straight edge.
- Tap Gently: Use a rubber mallet to set bricks without cracking or dislodging them.
- Maintain Consistent Joints: Use a brick jointer to keep spacing uniform—typically 3/8″–1/2″ between bricks.
- Check for Level: After each brick (or every few), use a spirit level to ensure accuracy.
4. Build Up Risers and Treads
- Apply Mortar to Brick Edges: Place mortar on both the horizontal (tread) and vertical (riser) joints.
- Construct Each Step: Finish one step at a time, ensuring bricks are level and aligned in a running bond pattern for strength.
- Cut Bricks as Needed: Use a brick saw for perfect fits at corners and edges.
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5. Tool Joints and Clean Excess Mortar
- Tooling the Joints: As mortar begins to set, shape joints with a jointer to a concave profile—this enhances water shedding and professional appearance.
- Remove Excess Mortar: Clean joints and brick faces immediately. Hardened mortar is difficult to remove later.
6. Curing and Final Cleaning
- Allow for Curing: Mortar needs at least 5–7 days before full strength is achieved and steps can be used.
- Mist During Hot Weather: If weather is hot or windy, lightly mist the bricks to prevent premature drying and hairline cracks.
- Final Brushing: After mortar dries, use a stiff brush to remove any residual mortar.
Design Tips for Attractive Brick Steps
- Select Patterns: Standard running bond is popular, but consider herringbone or basketweave for decorative appeal.
- Contrast Colors: Use contrasting mortar colors or edge bricks for visual interest.
- Edge Detailing: Bullnose or rounded bricks soften step edges and improve safety.
- Integration: Match brick steps with adjacent walkways, patios, or garden features.
Maintenance for Mortared Brick Steps
- Regular Cleaning: Sweep debris routinely and wash with mild soap and water as needed.
- Inspect Annually: Look for cracks in bricks or mortar and repair promptly to prevent water infiltration and freeze damage.
- Seal for Longevity: Consider applying a breathable sealant to help repel water and stains—especially if your locale has severe freeze-thaw cycles.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Skipping the Foundation: Poor bases lead to settling, cracking, and premature failure.
- Dry Mortar Mixing: Mortar that is too dry or too wet won’t bond properly.
- Insufficient Jointing: Joints that aren’t properly tooled won’t shed water, risking freeze-thaw damage.
- Rushed Curing: Using the steps before full curing can weaken the mortar and compromise the structure.
Safety Considerations
- Wear protective gear: Gloves, eye protection, and dust masks are recommended when handling mortar and bricks.
- Mind the Weight: Bricks and concrete are heavy; lift sensibly to avoid injury.
- Work in Ventilated Area: Mortar and saw dust can irritate lungs—work outdoors or with ventilation.
- Keep Area Clear: Remove tripping hazards and keep tools organized during installation.
Table: Quick Comparison – Mortared Brick vs. Dry-Laid Brick Steps
| Feature | Mortared Brick Steps | Dry-Laid Brick Steps |
|---|---|---|
| Durability | High (weatherproof, long-lasting) | Moderate (may shift over time) |
| Maintenance | Low (occasional cleaning, repairs) | Moderate (frequent reset or leveling) |
| Installation | Labor-intensive (foundation, mortar, curing) | Simpler (no mortar required) |
| Aesthetic Options | Wide (various mortar colors, patterns, edge details) | Limited (no mortar, fewer joint options) |
| Suitability | Best for permanent, high-traffic stairs | Good for temporary or decorative steps |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can I install brick steps over existing concrete?
A: Yes, if the existing concrete is stable, clean, and level. Ensure it can support additional weight and follow preparation methods for optimal bonding.
Q: How thick should the mortar joints be?
A: Joints are typically 3/8″ to 1/2″ for outdoor steps. Consistent spacing aids appearance and durability.
Q: What type of brick is best for outdoor steps?
A: Use bricks specifically rated for outdoor use and freeze-thaw cycles. Consult with a masonry supplier for suitability.
Q: How long before I can use my new brick steps?
A: Mortar should be allowed to cure for at least 5–7 days before full use for best strength and longevity.
Q: Is it better to hire a professional for brick step installation?
A: Complex designs, heavy traffic areas, or sites with special challenges are best handled by professionals. DIY is possible for simple installations with proper research and preparation.
Summary: Long-Lasting, Beautiful Brick Steps
Finishing outdoor steps with mortared brick transforms functional spaces into stunning focal points. With careful planning, precise installation, and regular maintenance, brick steps will serve your home safely and stylishly for decades. Use this guide as a foundation and always adjust to site-specific conditions and local requirements.
References
- https://watsontownbrick.com/brick-stairs-how-to/
- https://brickhunter.com/blog/how-to-build-a-brick-wall-a-step-by-step-guide
- https://salcorplandscaping.com/brick-steps-and-stairs-installation/
- https://www.rubi.com/us/blog/brick-wall/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OO6MLgqrhg
- https://www.quikrete.com/pdfs/projects/basicbrickconstruction.pdf
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