PRK vs. LASIK: Comparing Laser Eye Surgery Options

Explore the differences, benefits, risks, and recovery experiences between PRK and LASIK for clearer vision.

By Medha deb

Created on Sep 26, 2025

Explore the differences, benefits, risks, and recovery experiences between PRK and LASIK for clearer vision.

Vision correction has advanced rapidly, making glasses and contacts optional for millions. Two leading surgical options—PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) and LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)—both reshape the cornea using advanced laser technology. While their ultimate goal is the same—clearer vision without corrective lenses—their techniques, recovery experiences, and ideal candidates differ.

What Is PRK?

PRK is a type of refractive laser eye surgery. It reshapes the cornea, the clear front part of your eye, to improve how light rays are focused on the retina. PRK was FDA-approved before LASIK and has been used successfully for decades.

Procedure: The surgeon removes the thin outer layer of the cornea (the epithelium), then uses an excimer laser to reshape the underlying corneal tissue. Afterward, the epithelium regenerates naturally over several days.
Common uses: PRK corrects nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism.
Setting: PRK is performed in an outpatient facility; patients return home the same day.

What Is LASIK?

LASIK is another advanced type of refractive laser eye surgery designed to correct vision problems by reshaping the cornea. LASIK became available a few years after PRK and quickly gained popularity due to its fast recovery.

Procedure: The surgeon creates a thin flap in the cornea using a precise laser or a bladeless tool called a microkeratome. The flap is then lifted, the underlying corneal tissue is sculpted with an excimer laser, and the flap is repositioned over the treatment area.
Common uses: LASIK fixes nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism—often producing rapid results.
Setting: LASIK is performed in an outpatient environment, and usually takes about 30 minutes or less for both eyes.

How PRK and LASIK Reshape Your Vision

Both procedures reshape the cornea to allow light entering the eye to be focused properly on the retina. This corrects what are called refractive errors:

Nearsightedness (myopia): Distant objects appear blurry.
Farsightedness (hyperopia): Close objects are blurry.
Astigmatism: Causes blurry or distorted vision at all distances.

In both PRK and LASIK, modern excimer lasers are precisely programmed to reshape the corneal tissue, typically resulting in a high likelihood of achieving 20/20 vision or better.

Similarities Between PRK and LASIK

Both are outpatient procedures, performed in a doctor’s office or specialty clinic.
Each corrects the same range of vision issues—myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
Use local anesthesia (numbing eye drops) to prevent pain.
Offer long-term vision improvement and often reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contacts.
High patient satisfaction and success rates for vision correction.

Main Differences Between PRK and LASIK

Aspect	PRK	LASIK
Corneal Access	Removes outer corneal layer (epithelium), which regrows	Creates a thin flap in the cornea, flap is replaced
Procedure Duration	Approximately 15 minutes for both eyes	Typically less than 30 minutes for both eyes
Pain & Discomfort	More discomfort for several days post-procedure	Mild, short-term discomfort, often resolves in hours
Recovery Time	Vision recovery takes days to weeks, full clarity in 1–6 months	Most patients see well the next day, full clarity in days to weeks
Bandage Lens	Bandage contact lens worn for a few days	No bandage lens typically required
Best Candidates	Thinner corneas, active lifestyles, contact sports	Thicker corneas, desire for rapid result/recovery

Step-by-Step: What Happens During PRK and LASIK?

PRK Procedure Details

Numbing drops are applied to the eye for comfort.
An eyelid holder or speculum is used to keep the eyelids open.
The thin outer corneal layer (epithelium) is gently removed—using a blade, brush, laser, or alcohol solution.
An excimer laser is used to reshape the corneal surface.
A bandage contact lens is placed to protect the eye during healing (usually worn about a week).

The procedure takes about 15 minutes for both eyes. Vision will be blurry initially, and mild to moderate discomfort is common for several days.

LASIK Procedure Details

Numbing drops and an eyelid holder are applied as in PRK.
A thin flap is created in the cornea’s surface using a laser or microkeratome, and gently lifted.
An excimer laser is used to reshape the underlying corneal tissue (stroma).
The corneal flap is precisely replaced and smooths itself out as it heals—no stitches required.

The surgery takes less than 30 minutes for both eyes, and vision often improves within hours, with most patients seeing clearly in a day.

PRK vs. LASIK: Recovery and Aftercare

PRK Recovery

Initial phase: Eyes will be sensitive, irritated, watery, and vision will be blurry for a few days.
A bandage contact lens is worn for about a week to protect the eye as the epithelium regrows.
Discomfort and light sensitivity are expected; your doctor might prescribe pain relievers and eye drops.
Vision typically stabilizes over two to four weeks, with ongoing healing for up to six months.
Time off work: Expect up to one week off work or school after PRK.

LASIK Recovery

Immediate vision improvement is common within hours after surgery.
Minor irritation or watery eyes may last a few hours post-surgery.
Vision stabilizes within one to two days.
Return to most activities by the next day, but avoid swimming, eye rubbing, and contact sports for at least a week.
Most patients can drive and resume work within 24–48 hours.

Follow-Up and Expectations

Both procedures require several follow-up visits with your eye doctor to monitor healing.
Vision may continue to improve over the following weeks and months, especially with PRK.
It’s crucial to use all prescribed medications—antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops—to prevent complications.

Risks, Side Effects, and Complications

PRK and LASIK are both considered safe with high success rates. However, as with any surgical procedure, risks are present.

Potential Side Effects

Dry eyes
Night glare, halos, or starbursts around lights
Sensitivity to light
Temporary blurred or fluctuating vision
Soreness and irritation ( Especially common after PRK )

Less Common Risks

Infection or delayed healing
Undercorrection or overcorrection—may need enhancement surgery
Haze on the cornea (more with PRK, usually temporary)
Flap complications (LASIK only)

Long-Term Results

Most patients achieve 20/20 vision or better. Results of both PRK and LASIK are generally permanent, though your eyes may still change as you age, potentially causing the need for reading glasses or further correction in later life.

Who Is a Good Candidate?

Both PRK and LASIK work for most adults over age 18 with a stable glasses or contact lens prescription for at least a year.

Healthy eyes—no active infection or injury.
Adequate corneal thickness is needed for LASIK.
PRK is preferred for those with thinner corneas or at greater risk for corneal trauma (high-impact sports, certain jobs).
Not currently pregnant or breastfeeding (prescription can fluctuate).
Realistic expectations—some vision correction may be necessary in the future.

Comparing PRK vs. LASIK: Pros and Cons

	PRK	LASIK
Pros	Good for thin corneas Lower risk of corneal flap-related complications Preferred for active people/athletes Potentially lower lifetime risk of certain complications	Rapid recovery and improvement in vision Minimal discomfort after the first few hours Widespread availability and more patient data Usually able to see, drive, and work the next day
Cons	More discomfort during recovery Slower return to regular activities Bandage contact lens needed temporarily Visual fluctuations as healing progresses	Not for thin corneas Risk of corneal flap complications (rare) Not always ideal for high-impact athletes Still potential for side effects and minor risks

Choosing Between PRK and LASIK

The choice depends on your corneal health, lifestyle, and prescription.
PRK is often recommended if you have thin corneas, dry eyes, or engage in activities where eye trauma is more likely.
LASIK is preferred when you desire a quicker recovery and your eye measurements are within the safe range for flap creation.
Your ophthalmologist will perform a thorough eye exam and consider your goals and health history to recommend the best procedure.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long does each procedure take?

Both PRK and LASIK are quick. PRK takes about 15 minutes for both eyes; LASIK usually takes under 30 minutes total.

How soon will I see clearly after surgery?

LASIK patients often notice clearer vision within a day, sometimes even hours. PRK patients typically see vision improve over several days to a few weeks, with full healing in up to six months.

Does either PRK or LASIK hurt?

Both procedures are performed with numbing eye drops, so you shouldn’t feel pain during surgery. PRK may cause more post-procedure discomfort and sensitivity lasting several days. LASIK usually results in only mild, brief irritation.

Can I have LASIK or PRK if I have thin corneas?

Thin corneas usually rule out LASIK due to the need to maintain sufficient tissue for corneal strength and health. PRK is often safer and recommended for these patients.

Are PRK and LASIK permanent solutions?

Both offer long-term or permanent vision correction, but natural age-related vision changes (such as presbyopia) can occur. Some patients may still need reading glasses later in life.

Key Takeaways

Both PRK and LASIK are safe, effective laser vision correction surgeries.
They differ in technique, recovery time, and suitability for different patients.
Consultation with an eye surgeon is essential to decide what’s right for your eyes, lifestyle, and vision goals.

This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. For personalized guidance, consult a licensed eye care specialist.

References

Author

medha deb

Medha Deb is an editor with a master's degree in Applied Linguistics from the University of Hyderabad. She believes that her qualification has helped her develop a deep understanding of language and its application in various contexts.

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