Types Of Orchids: 16 Popular Varieties Every Gardener Needs
Explore the fascinating diversity of orchids, from beginner-friendly moth orchids to exotic treasures, for every indoor and outdoor garden.
Image: HearthJunction Design Team
Types of Orchids: Guide to Popular Varieties for Every Gardener
Orchids are among the most captivating and diverse flowering plants in the world, admired for their exquisite blooms and intriguing forms. With over 25,000 naturally occurring species and thousands of hybrids, orchids offer something for everyoneâfrom beginner gardeners to seasoned enthusiasts. This article explores the most popular types of orchids, highlighting their unique characteristics, ideal growing conditions, and tips for care.
Understanding Orchid Diversity
The Orchidaceae family is the second largest family of flowering plants. Orchids can be found in nearly every habitat except glaciers, ranging from steamy rainforests to alpine meadows. Their blooms can be tiny or enormous, with a dazzling array of colors and shapes. Some orchids are epiphytes, growing on trees with aerial roots, while others are terrestrials that grow in soil. Their diversity ensures there is an ideal orchid for every growerâs taste and experience level.
Main Orchid Growth Types
- Epiphytic Orchids: Grow on trees or rocks, absorbing moisture from the air and rain.
- Terrestrial Orchids: Grow directly in soil, often needing a rich organic substrate.
- Lithophytic Orchids: Adapt to growing on rocks or stony outcrops.
Popular Types of Orchids
Below is a curated selection of some of the most beloved and commonly grown orchid genera, with care insights and unique traits for each.
Phalaenopsis Orchids (Moth Orchids)
The Phalaenopsis, or moth orchid, is a beginnerâs favorite and frequently seen as a gift plant. It is prized for its long-lasting blooms and ease of care.
- Flower Shape: Elegant, rounded blooms that resemble moths in flight.
- Bloom Colors: White, pink, purple, yellow, striped, or spotted.
- Light: Prefers bright, indirect light.
- Water: Allow media to dry somewhat between waterings.
- Notes: Blooms can last 2â6 months; tolerant of novice mistakes.
Cattleya Orchids
Known as the ‘Queen of Orchids,’ Cattleyas are famous for their spectacular, fragrant blooms and are often used in corsages.
- Flower Shape: Bold, ruffled petals with a prominent lip.
- Bloom Colors: Wide variety, including bicolor and freckled forms.
- Light: Bright indoor light or filtered sun.
- Water: Weekly, when the media feels dry.
- Notes: Highly hybridized; flowers often fragrant.
Dendrobium Orchids
Dendrobiums are a large and diverse genus, offering everything from small-flowered varieties to large, dramatic spikes. Many species bloom in mid to late winter.
- Flower Shape: Star-shaped, sometimes clustered along tall canes.
- Bloom Colors: White, purple, pink, yellow, green, and bicolor.
- Light: Moderate to bright indirect light.
- Water: Varies by type; some need dry winter rests.
- Notes: Wide range of climates and sizes available.
What others are reading
Cymbidium Orchids (Boat Orchids)
Famous for multiple flower spikes and abundant blooms, Cymbidium orchids are popular as outdoor orchids in temperate climates and as showy houseplants elsewhere.
- Flower Shape: Rounded petals on firm spikes. Each spike bears numerous flowers.
- Bloom Colors: Green, yellow, red, pink, white, and more.
- Light: Bright, diffused light.
- Water: Keep moist, especially during the growing season.
- Notes: Not frost-tolerant; must be brought indoors if temperatures drop below 35°F (1.5°C).
Oncidium Orchids (Dancing Ladies)
Oncidiums are known for their profusion of small, often yellow and brown flowers that resemble clusters of dancing ladies.
- Flower Shape: Small, frilly flowers arranged along branching spikes.
- Bloom Colors: Often yellow, brown, red, or white.
- Light: Bright but filtered light.
- Water: Moderate; let dry slightly between waterings.
- Notes: Some have a pleasant, chocolate-like scent.
Vanda Orchids
Vandas are prized for their vivid colors and large, flat blooms. They require high humidity and bright light, making them a favorite in tropical climates.
- Flower Shape: Broad, waxy petals with a striking appearance.
- Bloom Colors: Blue, purple, pink, orange, yellow, and more.
- Light: Very bright; often grown in slatted baskets with minimal media.
- Water: Frequent; often daily misting in high heat.
- Notes: Best for experienced growers or those with greenhouse conditions.
Paphiopedilum Orchids (Lady Slippers)
These terrestrial orchids are distinctive for their unique pouch-shaped lip, which catches insects for pollination. Their leaves are often mottled and attractive.
- Flower Shape: Slipper- or pouch-like blooms.
- Bloom Colors: Maroon, green, yellow, white, often striped or spotted.
- Light: Moderate, indirect light.
- Water: Keep evenly moist, never soggy.
- Notes: Ideal for growing on windowsills; blooms can last for weeks.
Miltonia & Miltoniopsis Orchids (Pansy Orchids)
Known for their resemblance to garden pansies, these orchids produce showy, fragrant flowers, often in pastel shades with dramatic markings.
- Flower Shape: Open, flat blooms with broad, colorful petals.
- Bloom Colors: Pink, white, yellow, red, purple, with contrasting centers or edges.
- Light: Bright but indirect; avoid direct midday sun.
- Water: Consistently moist but not soggy.
- Notes: Sensitive to dryness; humidity is important for success.
Encyclia Orchids
These hardy, epiphytic orchids are known for their star-shaped flowers and sweet fragrances that can fill a room.
- Flower Shape: Star-like, with narrow sepals and petals.
- Bloom Colors: Generally green, brown, purple, or tan, often with a contrasting lip.
- Light: Bright, indirect sunlight preferred.
- Water: Water when nearly dry, but do not let media dry out completely.
Zygopetalum Orchids
Zygopetalums are appreciated for their striking fragrance and beautiful, waxy flowers featuring bold patterns of green, purple, and brown.
- Flower Shape: Waxy and star-shaped with bold, contrasting colors.
- Bloom Colors: Green, purple, brown with blue or lavender lips.
- Light: Bright but indirect light.
- Water: Keep evenly moist; avoid letting roots dry out.
Masdevallia Orchids
These compact orchids are popular among collectors for their unusual, triangular blooms and vibrant colors.
- Flower Shape: Triangular, often with fused sepals that form a tube.
- Bloom Colors: Orange, red, purple, white, and many combinations.
- Light: Moderate light; shade from strong midday sun.
- Water: High humidity and frequent watering required.
- Notes: Best grown in cool, humid conditions.
Odontoglossum Orchids
Known for their intricate, often ruffled flowers, Odontoglossum orchids are treasures in cool-climate collections.
- Flower Shape: Ruffled, elaborate petals.
- Bloom Colors: White, pink, yellow, red with intricate markings.
- Light: Moderate, filtered sunlight.
- Water: Even moisture; do not let dry out completely.
Brassia Orchids (Spider Orchids)
Named for their long, narrow petals and sepals that evoke the spindly legs of spiders, Brassia orchids are both exotic and striking.
- Flower Shape: Elongated, spidery petals and sepals.
- Bloom Colors: Yellow to green with brown markings.
- Light: Bright, filtered light.
- Water: Water once media becomes dry to the touch.
Vanilla Orchids
Not just a pretty face, the Vanilla orchid is the source of real vanilla flavoring. These vining orchids can be trained along trellises and require patience to flower and fruit.
- Flower Shape: Pale yellow or greenish flowers in clusters.
- Bloom Colors: Light, subtle shades; flowers must be pollinated to produce vanilla beans.
- Light: Bright, indirect light.
- Water: Even, regular moisture.
- Notes: Needs years to mature; a specialty for advanced growers.
Spathoglottis (Ground Orchids)
Unlike most orchids, Spathoglottis are terrestrials that thrive planted directly in soil. Their vibrant blooms make them perfect for borders or containers outdoors in warm climates.
- Flower Shape: Clusters of bright, upright blooms.
- Bloom Colors: Wide rangeâpurple, pink, yellow, white.
- Light: Partial shade to full sun.
- Water: Consistently moist, well-draining soil.
- Notes: Needs warm temperatures to thrive.
Habenaria (White Egret Orchid)
Famed for its delicate, fringed flowers that resemble a flying egret, the Habenaria radiata is a conversation piece for collectors and garden designers alike.
- Flower Shape: Fringed, bird-like blooms.
- Bloom Colors: Pure white.
- Light: Bright, filtered light; avoid extremes.
- Water: Likes moisture, especially during active growth.
- Notes: Suitable for cooler climates with proper care.
Orchid Care Basics
Though orchids have a reputation for being difficult, most are quite manageable once their needs are understood. Here are general tips for keeping orchids healthy:
- Light: Most orchids need bright, indirect light but not direct sun.
- Water: Water when the potting media starts to dry out; avoid letting roots sit in water.
- Humidity: Many orchids prefer higher humidity (40â70%).
- Temperature: Match the orchidâs natural habitatâmany do well between 60â80°F (15â27°C).
- Airflow: Good ventilation helps prevent rot and fungal diseases.
- Fertilizer: Use a balanced orchid fertilizer at half strength during active growth.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the easiest orchid for beginners?
A: Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are widely considered the best choice for beginners due to their resilience and forgiving nature.
Q: How often should I water my orchid?
A: Watering frequency depends on the type, size of the pot, temperature, and humidity. As a rule, let the media dry slightly between waterings, generally once per week.
Q: Why are my orchidâs leaves turning yellow?
A: Yellowing can be caused by overwatering, too much direct sun, or natural leaf aging. Check roots and adjust care accordingly.
Q: Can I grow orchids outdoors?
A: Some types, like Cymbidium and Spathoglottis, can be grown outdoors in frost-free climates. Others can be moved outside in mild weather but must be protected from cold.
Q: Do all orchids need to be repotted?
A: Yes, periodic repotting (every 1â2 years) is recommended to refresh growing media and to check root health.
Conclusion
Orchids are a diverse and enchanting addition to any plant collection, suitable for windowsills, greenhouses, and gardens alike. With a basic understanding of their types and care needs, anyone can grow and enjoy these fascinating flowers. Whether you choose the ever-popular moth orchid, the bold Cattleya, or an exotic treasure like the white egret orchid, thereâs an orchid out there to suit every taste and skill level.
References
- https://www.repotme.com/pages/orchid-identification-full
- https://www.thespruce.com/orchid-identification-1315976
- https://orchidrepublic.com/blogs/news/the-ultimate-orchid-guide-species-classifications-meanings-and-where-to-find-them
- https://betweenflowers.net/types-of-orchids
- https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/orchids/different-types-of-orchids.htm
Similar Articles
Read full bio of Srija Burman
