How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Naranjilla (Lulo) Shrubs
Unlock exotic citrus flavor at home through smart propagation and nurturing methods.
Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense), also known as lulo in Colombia, is an eye-catching tropical shrub famous for its exotic, citrus-flavored fruits. Native to the cloud forests of South America, naranjilla offers both ornamental beauty and a unique kitchen ingredient, perfect for adventurous home gardeners and those aiming to expand their edible plant collection.
Contents
- Naranjilla (Lulo) Shrub Overview
- About Naranjilla
- Propagation
- Planting Naranjilla
- Care and Maintenance
- Harvesting and Using Naranjilla Fruit
- Common Problems and Troubleshooting
- Frequently Asked Questions
Naranjilla (Lulo) Shrub Overview
| Latin Name | Solanum quitoense |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | Tropical herbaceous perennial shrub |
| Family | Solanaceae (Nightshade family) |
| Genus | Solanum |
| Native Area | Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela |
| Exposure | Full sun to partial shade |
| Height | Up to 8 feet (2.4 m) |
| Watering Requirements | Moderate with consistent moisture |
| Soil Type | Rich, well-drained |
| Hardiness Zone | USDA 10 to 13 |
| Pests & Diseases | Spider mites, whiteflies, aphids, scale, root-knot nematodes, fusarium wilt, root rot |
| Maintenance | Low to moderate |
About Naranjilla (Lulo)
Naranjilla shrubs are cherished across South America for their vibrant fruit, which has a flavor reminiscent of a blend between citrus and rhubarb, described by some as a mix of rhubarb and lime. The fruit is prized not only for its taste but also for its use in traditional drinks and desserts.
- First introduced to US audiences at the 1939 Worldâs Fair in New York, naranjilla remains a rare fruit outside of South America.
- Plant habit: The naranjilla grows as a large-leafed perennial and can reach up to 8 feet in ideal conditions.
- Ornamental appeal: The lush foliage, purple-tinted hairs, and striking fruit make it an attractive garden addition.
The leaves are elongated, often heart- or oval-shaped, up to 45 cm in length, with a dense covering of short purple hairs and spines. Both stems and leaves bear these prickly trichomes, which serve as a defense against herbivores. New growth is especially bristly, giving the plant a somewhat “savage” appearance and requiring some care when handling.
Propagation
Naranjilla can be propagated from seed or by taking cuttings. Seed propagation is the most common method:
- Sow seeds in a warm, humid environment with temperatures above 65°F (18°C).
- Use a high-quality seed-starting mix.
- Keep the growing medium evenly moist but not soggy until germination (typically 3-4 weeks).
- Transplant seedlings once they develop at least two sets of true leaves.
Cuttings can also be rooted, but require consistent warmth and humidity to establish roots successfully. Container growing is an option, especially in less-than-ideal climates or to move plants indoors during cool spells.
Planting Naranjilla
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
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- Climate: Naranjillas need a consistently warm climate and are intolerant of both frost and prolonged heat (above 90°F), making them best suited to locations like coastal Florida, South Texas, Southern California, or Hawaii.
- Light: Best grown in locations that receive dappled sun, morning sun, or partial shade.
- Soil: They thrive in deep, rich, and well-draining soils with high organic content.
- Potted plants: Suitable for large containers kept in protected spots, enabling you to move them indoors if weather conditions are unfavorable.
Adding compost and well-rotted manure to the planting area boosts fertility and promotes strong growth. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain excessive moisture to prevent root rot.
Planting Steps
- Prepare the planting site with organic matter and shape a gently raised mound for optimal drainage.
- Space plants approximately 5â6 feet apart to allow for mature spread.
- Water thoroughly after planting and mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Care and Maintenance
Naranjilla shrubs arenât particularly demanding beyond their climate needs, but a few key practices can improve vigor and fruit production.
Watering
- Requires consistent, moderate moisture; avoid allowing the soil to dry out completely.
- Water at the base to keep leaves dry and minimize disease risk.
Fertilizing
- Apply a balanced fertilizer at planting and every 6â8 weeks during the growing season.
- Compost tea or diluted liquid seaweed can boost plant health and microbial activity.
Mulching
- Mulch with straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves to conserve moisture and keep roots cool.
- Maintain a mulch layer 2â3 inches thick, avoiding direct contact with stems to prevent rot.
Pruning and Support
- Cut back dead or diseased branches, and remove suckers to focus energy on fruit production.
- Staking or support may be necessary if the shrub bears a heavy fruit load, or in windy spots.
Protection
- Plants are sensitive to strong winds and extreme sunlight; plant in sheltered spots or provide shade cloth if necessary.
- For container-grown shrubs, move to protected locations during adverse weather.
Harvesting and Using Naranjilla Fruit
The fruit ripens to a bright orange skin, signaling readiness for harvest. When picking:
- Wear gloves to protect against spines on stem and leaves.
- Harvest gently to avoid bruising soft fruit.
Inside, the pulp is green and juicy, with a refreshingly tart flavor that is ideal for fruit juices and tropical drinks such as lulada. Naranjilla pulp is also used in jams, jellies, desserts, and as a flavoring for ice cream.
Fruit Storage and Shelf Life
- Naranjilla fruit is highly perishable and should be consumed fresh or processed quickly after harvest.
- Refrigeration can help extend shelf life slightly, but flavor is best when freshly picked.
Common Problems and Troubleshooting
While naranjilla is generally resilient, growers may encounter a few pest and disease challenges:
Pests
- Spider mites, whiteflies, aphids, and scale: Regular monitoring, application of horticultural oils, or insecticidal soaps can keep populations under control.
- Root-knot nematodes: Crop rotation and the use of resistant rootstocks help reduce risk.
Diseases
- Fusarium wilt and root rot: Good drainage, proper spacing, and avoiding overwatering are essential for prevention.
Physiological Problems
- Leaf burn: Can be a result of excessive direct sunlight or lack of moisture.
- Poor fruit set: Frequently due to too much shade, nutrient imbalances, or insufficient pollination.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can naranjilla grow in temperate climates?
A: Naranjilla is quite sensitive to cold and will only survive outdoors in USDA hardiness zones 10â13. In cooler zones, they can be grown in large containers and moved inside during cold snaps or winter.
Q: Are the leaves and stems safe to touch?
A: The leaves and stems of naranjilla shrubs have small spines and purple hairs that can cause skin irritation. Wear gloves when handling or pruning to avoid discomfort.
Q: What does naranjilla fruit taste like?
A: The fruit is tart and citrusy, often described as tasting like a mix of rhubarb, lime, and pineapple, with a vibrant aroma and bright green pulp.
Q: Are naranjilla fruits nutritious?
A: Yes, naranjilla fruits are high in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other essential nutrients, making them a healthy addition to your diet.
Q: How long does it take for naranjilla to fruit?
A: Typically, naranjilla plants begin fruiting within 1â2 years when grown from seed, provided they are kept in ideal conditions with sufficient warmth and light.
Conclusion
Naranjilla (lulo) is a unique, rewarding plant for gardeners in warm climates or those with greenhouse space. With exotic flavors and ornamental flair, it serves both as a conversation starter and a source of tropical fruit. By following these care and cultivation guidelines, you can enjoy your very own harvest of this South American gem.
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